Why do cats "knead"?

When a cat is happy and relaxed, it often pushes its front paws in and out, one after the other, like kneading dough. It's more than a cute habit. The usual reasons:

1. It feels safe. Kneading beside you is often a way of saying "I'm comfortable here."
2. A habit from kittenhood. Kittens press on their mother's belly while feeding, and many keep the movement as adults.
3. It likes and trusts you. Kneading while purring is usually a sign of affection.
4. It leaves its scent. Cats have scent glands in their paw pads, so kneading also marks "this is mine."
5. It calms itself down. Some cats knead when they are nervous or settling down to sleep.

So next time your cat kneads your lap, don't push it away. It may be telling you, in its own way, that it loves you and feels at home with you.